result、effect、consequence和outcome这四个名词都表示“结果,后果”,具体使用差别如下。
1.result是“结果;后果”的意思,它是最常用的,最广泛的词。它指某原因所产生的最终结果,而不是眼前的结果。通常可以跟effect交换使用。例如:
She died as a result of her injuries. 她由于受伤而死亡。They were elated at the result.他们对这一结果感到欢欣鼓舞。Are you pleased with the result? 你对结果满意吗?
The result has been a giant leap in productivity.其结果就是生产力的大幅度提高。The fire was the result of carelessness.这次火灾是疏忽大意所造成的。
2.effect 的意思是“结果;效果”。它多指因为某种原因所直接产生的结果,它和result比较来看,有更客观、更科学。effect强调一种稳定、持续的结果或者影响,但result有时也可以指那种独特的、出乎意料的结果。例如:
His words had exactly the opposite effect.他的话产生了截然相反的效果。The crisis had a negative effect on trade.这次危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。
The aspirins soon take effect.阿司匹林药片很快见效。One side effect of modern life is stress.现代生活的一个附带后果就是压力。
3.consequence的意思是“结果;后果”。它是一个正式用词,多指跟原因没有太密切关系的后果,确切地说,它只是跟原因发生的时间有先后关系,而且常常用来表达不良的后果。例如:
She understood the consequences of her actions and was prepared to go to jail.她明白自己行为的后果并准备去坐牢。This decision could have serious consequences for the industry.项决定可能对该行业造成严重后果。
Two hundred people lost their jobs as a direct consequence of the merger.合并一事直接导致二百人失去了工作。He drove too fast with tragic consequences.他开车太快,结果酿成惨剧。
You will suffer the consequences of your actions.你会自食其果。Before you do anything, you should always consider the consequences。你在做任何事之前,都应先考虑后果。
4.outcome 的意思是“结果;效果”。它属于普通常用词,往往事物经一系列发展变化之后所得出的最后结局,而不是某一个原因的直接结果。outcome与result的意思接近,常互换使用。例如:
The outcome didn't surprise me at all.这一结果完全在我的意料之中。We are confident of a successful outcome.我们相信会有圆满的结果。No one could have predicted the final outcome.谁也没有预想到最终结果会是这样。
He wouldn't have accepted such an inglorious outcome.他本来不会接受这样一个不光彩的结局。Experts say a “yes” vote is still the likely outcome.专家们表示投赞成票仍是可能的结果。
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