这些词组均表示“根据”的含义，但在用法上有所区别：

in accordance with、according to、和by均属于介词范畴的词组，而according as则属于连词范畴。

1. in accordance with 仅用于表示“依据法律、规章、条约、习惯、愿望、具体情况”等，而不适用于表示“根据……的观点、说法”等。而according to 则可用于上述两种情况：

in accordance with\ according to the regulations 表示“按照规章”

Most people believe they conduct their private and public lives in accordance with Christian morality.

大多数人认为他们是依照基督教的道德体系来处理自己的私生活和公共事务的。

Entries which are not in accordance with the rules will be disqualified.

不符合规定的参赛作品将被取消资格。

The scheme has been revised in accordance with the opinions of the masses.

方案已按照群众意见修改了。

We should make decisions in accordance with specific conditions.

我们应当根据具体情况做出决定。

Those embezzlers and grafters who are reckless with greed must be dealt with seriously in accordance with the policy.

对那些利欲熏心的贪污盗窃分子，一定要按照政策严肃处理。

The goods will be sent in accordance with your instructions.

货物将按照您的指示寄出。

The tenant must be prepared to decorate the house in accordance with the terms of the contract.

租户必须准备按照合同条款装修房子。

They both played the game according to the rules.

他们俩都依章行事。

According to law, a doctor must be present at the ringside.

按法律规定，场边必须有一名医生。

According to official statistics the disease killed over 500 people.

根据官方的统计数字，500多人死于这种疾病。

Number the car's features from 1 to 10 according to importance.

将车的特征从1到10编号按重要性一一列出。

Let's hope everything will go according to plan.

但愿一切都会按计划进行。

Fees are calculated on a sliding scale according to income.

按浮动费率制根据收入高低计算收费。

Tax is banded according to income.

赋税是按收入划分等级的。

The salary will be fixed according to qualifications and experience.

薪金将依资历和经验而定。

Contestants were grouped according to age and ability.

参赛者按年龄和能力分组。

Prices change according to supply and demand.

价格受供求关系的影响。

They must take their own decision according to their own legal advice.

他们必须根据各自律师的意见自行决定。

Punishment varies according to the gravity of the offence.

处罚根据罪行的严重程度而有所不同。

You've been absent six times according to our records.

根据我们的记录，你已经缺席六次了。

According to one survey, one woman in eight is infertile.

据我们调查，八分之一的女性不能生育。

According to the Home Office, your brother died of natural causes

根据内政部的调查，你哥哥属正常死亡。

According to the forecast, it should brighten up later.

根据天气预报，晚一点天应该会转晴。

The work was done according to her instructions.

这项工作是依照她的指示办的。

According to him this is quite unexpected.

在他看来,这是很出乎意料之外的。

Philip stayed at the hotel, according to Mr Hemming.

据亨明先生所说，菲利普住在旅馆里。

According to Mick, it's a great movie.

据米克说，这是一部了不起的电影。

According to observers, the plane exploded shortly after take-off.

据目击者说，飞机起飞后不久就爆炸了。

2. according as中的as是连词,是复合连词,引导从句。请对比下列实例:

According to this book a tiger is really a big cat.

按照这本书的说法,老虎实际上就是一种大猫。

The thermometer rises or falls according as the air is hot or cold.

寒暑表随空气的热冷而升降。

You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.

你将依照你工作的好坏而受到奖惩。

3. 所依照根据的事物只有指非常确定的事物(如the clock, the term(s),the voice, the timetable, his appearance, the smell 等)时,by和 according to才是可以互换的。

By/ According to my watch it is ten o'clock.

注意,用于此种含义的 by不能用在指人的名词或代词之前(x by him),但:

by his(her, their)own admission「根据他(她、他们)自己的承认」。

还要注意,according to只能表示来自其他人或来源的信息,而不能表示来自说话人本人的信息。可以说 according to him,但不能说 according to me，此时可以说in my opinion。

此外,according to还不能与 opinion 连用(x according to my opinion,应为:in my opinion)。

The road was some forty miles long according to my map.

按照我的地图,这条路大约有 40英里长。

He is rich by Chinese standards.

按照中国标准他是个富人。

Do not judge a person by his looks.

不要以貌取人。